How do you handle errors using `try...catch` blocks?

TL;DR

To handle errors using try...catch blocks, you wrap the code that might throw an error inside a try block. If an error occurs, the control is transferred to the catch block where you can handle the error. Optionally, you can use a finally block to execute code regardless of whether an error occurred or not.

try {
  // Code that may throw an error
} catch (error) {
  // Handle the error
} finally {
  // Code that will run regardless of an error
}

Basic structure

The try...catch statement consists of a try block, a catch block, and optionally a finally block.

try {
  // Code that may throw an error
} catch (error) {
  // Handle the error
} finally {
  // Code that will run regardless of an error
}

Example

Here is an example of using try...catch to handle errors:

try {
  let result = riskyOperation();
  console.log(result);
} catch (error) {
  console.error('An error occurred:', error.message);
} finally {
  console.log('This will run regardless of an error');
}

Explanation

try block: Contains code that might throw an error. If an error occurs, the control is transferred to the catch block.
catch block: Contains code to handle the error. The error object contains information about the error.
finally block: Contains code that will run regardless of whether an error occurred or not. This is useful for cleanup tasks.

Nested `try...catch` blocks

You can nest try...catch blocks to handle different levels of errors:

try {
  try {
    let result = anotherRiskyOperation();
    console.log(result);
  } catch (innerError) {
    console.error('Inner error:', innerError.message);
  }
} catch (outerError) {
  console.error('Outer error:', outerError.message);
}

Re-throwing errors

You can re-throw an error from the catch block if you want it to be handled by an outer try...catch block:

try {
  try {
    let result = yetAnotherRiskyOperation();
    console.log(result);
  } catch (innerError) {
    console.error('Inner error:', innerError.message);
    throw innerError; // Re-throw the error
  }
} catch (outerError) {
  console.error('Outer error:', outerError.message);
}

Using `finally` for cleanup

The finally block is useful for cleanup tasks, such as closing a file or releasing resources:

try {
  let file = openFile('example.txt');
  // Perform operations on the file
} catch (error) {
  console.error('An error occurred:', error.message);
} finally {
  closeFile(file); // Ensure the file is closed
}

How do you handle errors using `try...catch` blocks?

TL;DR